Person reading a book while sitting on the couch

How Focus and Attention Work — And Why Mental Fatigue Happens

May 15, 2026 Brain Health articles FAQs articles
5 MIN

Person reading a book while sitting on the couch

It’s likely that we first become aware of focus and attention in our schooling years. Whether that’s paying attention to a bird outside rather than the lecture, or struggling to focus on a long assignment, it’s common to experience occasional lapses of attention and focus in any environment. This is only exacerbated by the modern world, which often requires sustained attention to many moving factors.

It’s a reality that mental fatigue, also known as “brain fatigue,” can build with prolonged cognitive load. However, there are ways to support your brain’s attention and focus, including foundational healthy lifestyle choices and optional supplementation. First, let’s break down the difference between attention and focus.

Attention Vs Focus: What’s The Difference?

Pay attention! Focus! While they may both be words drilled into you by a teacher, they have fairly distinct definitions, particularly when dealing with mental fatigue. Attention means selecting the information that you notice. When you are “paying attention” to something, you are picking up details and information. Attention can be drawn to things outside the primary subject of your attention.[1]

Focus, sometimes also known as "vigilant attention" refers to sustained attention to a chosen target, which is seen as unstimulating, while resisting distractions. In a way, focus is like when you zoom in further, the proverbial “locking in” on a subject. Think of attention as situational awareness and focus as targeted concentration.[1]

Why does this distinction matter? When the two terms are used interchangeably, it can be difficult to determine what practical steps to take. Certain strategies work better for maintaining sustained focus, while others are primarily based on shifting attention.

How Your Brain Decides What To Pay Attention To

Our brain does a lot of things, and one of those is managing our attention. How does it do that? Well, when you get into neuroscience, there’s no real simple answer, but basically, multiple systems in the brain work together to determine your focus.

Information is categorized by a number of factors, like salience, which sorts the seemingly important details to the top, and goals, which sort information based on what you are trying to do.[2] Cognitive and behavioral processes like attention, memory and more are affected by sleep.[3] That’s one of the reasons that adequate, high-quality sleep is so important.

What Is Mental Fatigue?

When you work out a lot or take a long hike, your body and muscles get tired. That’s physical fatigue. When you work out your brain a lot, that is, doing complex tasks, solving math problems, or even keeping up social interactions, your brain gets tired. That’s mental fatigue.

Mental fatigue is the psychobiological state of tiredness that occurs after prolonged, demanding cognitive activity and can reduce the efficiency of cognitive performance.[4] Brain fatigue is another term people often use to describe mental fatigue.

This occasional mental fatigue can feel like you are thinking more slowly, having difficulty sustaining prolonged attention, or being more easily distracted.[4] All of these can become frustrating when you’re trying to do something that uses your brain (which is most things!). So, why do we feel this way?

Why Mental Fatigue Happens (Common Causes of Brain Fatigue)

We’ve all experienced occasional mental fatigue, and understanding what causes it can help us support our focus in the future. One of the most common causes is prolonged, demanding cognitive load, or time-on-task.[4]

You know that feeling when something you’re working on seems to get harder and harder the more you work on it? That’s because prolonged attention is building up fatigue, making your brain feel slower and your attention wander.

A lack of sufficient sleep can also affect your brain’s ability to manage attention.[3] Sleep helps our brains work through the fatigue we build up during the day, so it’s important to practice sleep hygiene and aim for consistent sleep.

Distraction-heavy environments, including background noise, can also contribute to fatigue and lower cognitive performance.[5] So, how to increase concentration and focus in your daily life?

How To Improve Focus: Practical Habits That Reduce Mental Fatigue

Improving your focus and reducing occasional mental fatigue during the day starts with healthy, practical lifestyle habits.

The first of these habits is sleep and recovery. Getting adequate sleep supports your attention and vigilance and helps reduce mental fatigue by allowing your brain and body to rest during the night.[3]

Sleep, stress and the immune system are connected as well, so the benefits of regular sleep go beyond daily focus.

That means aiming for a full night of rest, which is best supported by keeping a regular bedtime and practicing good sleep hygiene, like keeping a dark, cool room and cutting out screentime in the hours before sleep.

Mental fatigue builds up when you spend prolonged time on complex mental tasks. One way to help reduce fatigue is to introduce regular short breaks into your tasks and pace yourself. Taking short breaks to rest can help you return with more vigilant attention.[6]

Working physical activity into these breaks can help support your daily wellness through regular exercise. Always be sure to stay hydrated and support your body with regular, balanced meals.

Another way to improve focus is to reduce environmental distractions. Many phones offer a focus mode that reduces distracting notifications or locks access to apps. If working on a computer, reducing the number of tabs to just the ones needed for a single task can help keep you from diverting attention.

If you experience persistent fatigue that impacts your daily life, it’s best to consult a trusted healthcare professional.

How Nature Made Focus Boost Can Support Attention and Focus

When building a balanced wellness routine, start with the fundamentals: healthy lifestyle habits that support focus, like adequate sleep and regular breaks.

If you’re looking for additional focus support, you may be interested in Nature Made Focus Boost Capsules, which feature a synergistic blend of green tea caffeine and L-theanine, designed to support adults who juggle work, school, or everyday life and find it hard to occasionally focus.

The clinically studied green tea caffeine and L-theanine blend helps reduce mental fatigue and supports focus and attention. The formula also includes five essential B vitamins, which support healthy brain cell function. One daily fast-acting capsule works within 1 hour.

Explore Nature Made’s Brain Health Supplements today! Nature Made is the #1 Pharmacist Recommended Vitamins & Supplements Brand.*

* Based on a survey of pharmacists who recommend branded vitamins and supplements

References:

  1. Langner R, Eickhoff SB. Sustaining attention to simple tasks: a meta-analytic review of the neural mechanisms of vigilant attention. Psychol Bull. 2013;139(4):870-900. doi:10.1037/a0030694
  2. Klink PC, Jentgens P, Lorteije JA. Priority maps explain the roles of value, attention, and salience in goal-oriented behavior. J Neurosci. 2014;34(42):13867-13869. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3249-14.2014
  3. Hyndych A, El-Abassi R, Mader EC Jr. The Role of Sleep and the Effects of Sleep Loss on Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Processes. Cureus. 2025;17(5):e84232. Published 2025 May 16. doi:10.7759/cureus.84232
  4. Goodman SPJ, Collins B, Shorter K, et al. Approaches to inducing mental fatigue: A systematic review and meta-analysis of (neuro)physiologic indices. Behav Res Methods. 2025;57(4):102. Published 2025 Feb 26. doi:10.3758/s13428-025-02620-7
  5. Jafari MJ, Khosrowabadi R, Khodakarim S, Mohammadian F. The Effect of Noise Exposure on Cognitive Performance and Brain Activity Patterns. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2019;7(17):2924-2931. Published 2019 Aug 30. doi:10.3889/oamjms.2019.742
  6. Blasche G, Szabo B, Wagner-Menghin M, Ekmekcioglu C, Gollner E. Comparison of rest-break interventions during a mentally demanding task. Stress Health. 2018;34(5):629-638. doi:10.1002/smi.2830

† These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

Authors

Graham Morris

NatureMade Copywriter

Graham has a degree in film with a focus on screenwriting from the University of California, Santa Cruz. He enjoys learning new things and finding the best, most engaging way to communicate them to a wide audience. Graham appreciates simplicity in life and nutrition, and wants to find the easiest, no-stress ways to stay healthy.

Read More about Graham Morris

Sandra Zagorin, MS, RD

Science and Health Educator

As a member of the Medical and Scientific Communications team, Sandra educates healthcare professionals and consumers on nutrition, supplements, and related health concerns. Prior to joining Pharmavite, Sandra worked as a clinical dietitian at University of Chicago Medicine in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Sandra received her Bachelor of Science degree in Nutritional Science, with minors in Spanish and Chemistry from the University of Arizona in Tucson, AZ. She earned her Master of Science degree in Clinical Nutrition from RUSH University in Chicago, IL. As part of her Master’s program, Sandra performed research on physical activity participation and correlates in urban Hispanic women.

Read More about Sandra Zagorin, MS, RD